Table of Contents Toggle Thymulin: A Zinc-Peptide Complex from the Thymus Structure and Zinc Binding Thymic Secretion and Age-Related Decline Immunomodulatory Mechanisms The Thymulin-Zinc-Neuroendocrine Axis Synthetic Thymulin Analogs and Research Applications Thymulin: A Zinc-Peptide Complex from the Thymus Thymulin, also known by its original designation facteur thymique sérique (FTS), is a nonapeptide — just nine […]
Category Archives: Peptides
Covers the chemistry of hydrocarbon stapling and macrocyclic constraints, how these modifications improve alpha-helical stability, protease resistance, and membrane permeability in peptide drug design.
Explains how CPPs like TAT, penetratin, and polyarginine cross cell membranes, their applications in delivering cargo molecules to intracellular targets, and recent advances in CPP-drug conjugates.
Table of Contents Toggle Receptor Pharmacology: The CLR/RAMP1 Complex CGRP and Migraine: From Observation to Mechanism Research Frontiers Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino-acid neuropeptide produced by alternative splicing of the calcitonin gene (CALCA). It exists in two isoforms — α-CGRP, predominantly expressed in sensory neurons of the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia, and […]
Table of Contents Toggle Pemvidutide: A Dual Agonist with a Liver-Targeting Profile The Glucagon Paradox: Why Activate a “Counterregulatory” Hormone Receptor? Mechanism of Action at the Receptor Level Pemvidutide vs. Survodutide vs. Retatrutide: Differentiating Dual and Triple Agonists Open Research Questions Pemvidutide: A Dual Agonist with a Liver-Targeting Profile The metabolic peptide landscape has been […]
Table of Contents Toggle Why Orforglipron Is Different Mechanism of Action: Small Molecule, Same Target Pharmacokinetics: Why Oral Delivery Matters for Research Implications for Incretin Research Where Orforglipron Stands in 2026 Why Orforglipron Is Different Every GLP-1 receptor agonist on the market in 2026 — semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide — is a peptide. That means […]
Table of Contents Toggle What Is Follistatin 344? Isoform Differences: FS-288, FS-300, and FS-344 Current Research Landscape and Open Questions What Is Follistatin 344? Follistatin is a single-chain glycoprotein that binds and neutralizes members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily — most notably myostatin and activin A. Among the naturally occurring isoforms, follistatin 344 […]
Chemical modifications such as PEGylation, lipidation, and albumin-binding can dramatically extend peptide half-life from minutes to days. This article covers the science behind these modifications and their research implications.
Gonadorelin is a synthetic decapeptide identical to endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone. It serves as a fundamental research tool for assessing pituitary responsiveness and HPG axis function in laboratory models.
VIP is a 28-amino-acid neuropeptide with widespread distribution across the central and peripheral nervous systems.