Osteocalcin as an endocrine signal from bone that regulates insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism, and brain function in research models.
Category Archives: Peptides
The antimicrobial fragment derived from bovine lactoferrin — its broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, and biofilm-forming organisms.
PNAs as DNA/RNA-mimicking molecules with a peptide backbone that resist nuclease degradation — used in gene silencing and biosensor research.
A chimeric peptide that targets prohibitin on adipose blood vessels, inducing targeted fat cell apoptosis in primate research models.
Table of Contents Toggle The Neuropeptide That Named a Problem Pain Transmission: The Classic Role The Gut: The Second Brain Connection Emesis and the NK1 Antagonist Story The Neuropeptide That Named a Problem Substance P holds a peculiar place in peptide history. Decades passed before its 11-amino-acid sequence was finally determined in 1971 by Susan […]
Table of Contents Toggle A Gut-Brain Messenger Three Receptors, Divergent Functions Dopamine Modulation in the CNS Thermoregulatory Effects Pain Research Applications Forward-Looking Research A Gut-Brain Messenger The name reflects its dual identity: “neuro” for its central nervous system presence, “tensin” for the hypotension it produced upon peripheral administration. Neurotensin is produced by N-cells scattered through […]
Table of Contents Toggle The Hunger Hormone’s Deeper Story GHS-R1a: A Receptor with Constitutive Activity Reward, Motivation, and Dopamine Des-Acyl Ghrelin: The Other Form Current Research Directions The Hunger Hormone’s Deeper Story Ghrelin occupies a unique position in peptide biology. Discovered in 1999 by Masayasu Kojima and colleagues at Kurume University, it was identified through […]
Table of Contents Toggle The Brain’s Most Abundant Neuropeptide Research Tools and Receptor Pharmacology The Brain’s Most Abundant Neuropeptide Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino-acid peptide that holds a remarkable distinction: it is the most abundant neuropeptide in the mammalian central nervous system. First isolated from porcine brain in 1982 by Kaare Tatemoto, NPY belongs […]
Table of Contents Toggle Structural Features and Stability Open Research Questions Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a 13-amino-acid peptide derived from the post-translational processing of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the anterior pituitary, hypothalamus, and various peripheral tissues. But that is barely the opening act. The melanocortin system comprises five receptor subtypes (MC1R through MC5R), and α-MSH activates […]
Table of Contents Toggle What Is Irisin? The Browning Mechanism: White Fat to Beige Fat Receptor Biology and Signaling Partners Exercise Intensity and Irisin Release Current Research Frontiers What Is Irisin? Irisin burst onto the research scene in 2012 when a team led by Bruce Spiegelman at Harvard identified it as a cleaved fragment of […]