Introduction to Peptide Research
SLU PP 332 represents a significant area of interest in laboratory research, particularly for its properties as a non-selective estrogen-related receptor (ERR) agonist. This synthetic small molecule has garnered attention among researchers for its potential applications in metabolic health studies and as an exercise mimetic in laboratory settings. The compound is exclusively intended for laboratory research purposes and should not be utilized for human or veterinary applications, highlighting the critical importance of responsible handling and use by qualified researchers.
Research indicates that SLU PP 332 enhances oxidative phosphorylation in cellular models, which may contribute to its observed effects on mitochondrial function in experimental settings. The compound’s ability to influence these fundamental cellular processes makes it valuable for researchers investigating metabolic pathways and energy production mechanisms.
For research facilities seeking high-quality materials, SLU PP 332 is available from reputable seller sources that specialize in compounds for scientific studies. When selecting a product for laboratory research, it’s essential to review the manufacturer details and ensure that all materials meet the necessary standards for experimental work. Researchers can buy SLU PP 332 from specialized suppliers for laboratory research purposes, and it is important to purchase only from reputable sources.
Historical Background and Discovery of SLU PP 332
SLU PP 332 traces its origins to the early 2000s at the Saint Louis University School of Medicine, where it was first synthesized as part of a pioneering research initiative. The “SLU” prefix in its name pays homage to the institution that spearheaded its development. This compound emerged from a focused effort to create novel modulators of estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), a class of nuclear receptors with significant roles in cellular metabolism and energy regulation.
What sets SLU PP 332 apart in laboratory research is its balanced agonist activity across all three ERR subtypes—ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ. This broad-spectrum action marked a breakthrough in the field, enabling researchers to investigate systemic metabolic responses rather than isolated effects. Early studies quickly demonstrated the compound’s ability to enhance oxidative phosphorylation and improve exercise capacity in preclinical models, sparking widespread interest in its potential as an exercise mimetic and metabolic modulator.
The discovery of SLU PP 332 has since fueled a wave of research into its applications for metabolic health, endurance, and cardiovascular function. Its unique properties have made it a compound of interest for scientists exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise adaptation and mitochondrial function. As a result, SLU PP 332 remains intended exclusively for laboratory research purposes, providing a valuable tool for studies focused on oxidative phosphorylation, exercise, and endurance.
For those looking to purchase SLU PP 332 for laboratory research, reputable sellers such as Loti Labs offer high-quality products with fast shipping options, ensuring that research teams receive reliable materials for their experimental needs. The continued development and availability of SLU PP 332 underscore its importance in advancing our understanding of metabolic regulation and exercise biology.
Chemistry and Structure
The molecular architecture of SLU PP 332, formally known as 4-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-naphthalen-2-ylmethylideneamino]benzamide, features a distinctive hydrazone linkage between a 4-hydroxybenzamide core and a naphthalene ring. This structural arrangement proves critical to its research applications and biological activity in laboratory models.
Studies have shown that the Z-configuration at the C=N double bond is particularly important for the compound’s ability to bind to the ERR ligand-binding domain, making this aspect of its structure crucial for researchers to understand when designing experiments. The molecular design of SLU PP 332 was specifically developed to interact with ERRs while minimizing potential estrogenic effects, a common consideration when working with compounds that interact with nuclear hormone receptors.
The synthesis of SLU PP 332 follows a two-step chemical process that begins with the conversion of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid to 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide through esterification and hydrazinolysis, followed by condensation with 2-naphthaldehyde to form the active hydrazone. This synthetic pathway ensures consistent production of high-purity compound for laboratory use.
Laboratory research has determined that SLU PP 332 is highly soluble in DMSO (approximately 75 mg/ml), making it convenient for experimental preparations. In contrast, its solubility in water is limited, which may influence physiological effects observed in research models, such as sweating or dehydration due to water loss. The compound demonstrates stability for up to two years when stored at -20°C, an important consideration for researchers planning long-term studies. With typical purity exceeding 98%, SLU PP 332 provides researchers with reliable material for consistent experimental outcomes.
Mechanism of Action
Research indicates that SLU PP 332 functions primarily as an agonist of estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), with particular affinity for the ERRα subtype at an EC50 of 98 nM in laboratory studies. ERRs are orphan nuclear receptors that play central roles in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular energy homeostasis in experimental models.
When introduced to cellular systems, SLU PP 332 has been shown to stabilize the active conformation of ERR receptors, thereby enhancing their transcriptional activity. This action appears to promote the upregulation of genes involved in fat oxidation, glucose metabolism, and thermogenesis in preclinical models – processes that respond to similar pathways as those activated during physical exercise.
Laboratory research suggests that SLU PP 332 enhances the recruitment of coactivators such as PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha), which are integral to mitochondrial gene expression and biogenesis. The activation of these downstream signaling pathways has been observed to improve mitochondrial activity and cellular respiration in both cellular and animal models.
Preclinical studies indicate favorable pharmacokinetic properties for SLU PP 332, though it’s important to note that this compound remains exclusively in the research domain at present. Ongoing laboratory investigations continue to explore the full scope of its mechanism of action and potential applications in various experimental systems.
Therapeutic Applications
Laboratory research utilizing SLU PP 332 has demonstrated its ability to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce adiposity in animal models, making it a compound of interest for research into metabolic conditions. Studies suggest that this ERR agonist may have research value for investigating pathways relevant to metabolic regulation.
In experimental settings, SLU PP 332 has been shown to activate metabolic pathways typically associated with aerobic exercise, allowing researchers to study exercise mimetic effects in controlled laboratory conditions. This property has generated significant interest among scientists studying exercise physiology and endurance adaptations at the cellular and systemic levels.
Research models have demonstrated that administration of SLU PP 332 can activate specific exercise-related metabolic pathways even in sedentary experimental animals, providing a valuable tool for investigating the molecular basis of exercise capacity and physical performance. This research direction may contribute to our understanding of fundamental biological processes underlying exercise adaptation.
Preclinical research has explored the compound’s effects in heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion injury models, expanding the scope of laboratory investigations. Additionally, studies suggest that SLU PP 332 may influence mitochondrial function and inflammatory processes in aging tissues within experimental models, positioning it as a compound of interest for aging-related research.
Comparative Pharmacology
SLU PP 332 belongs to a class of synthetic ERR modulators characterized by varying selectivity profiles across ERR subtypes (ERRα, ERRβ, ERRγ). Unlike highly selective agonists, laboratory data indicates that SLU PP 332 displays balanced, pan-ERR activation with moderate preference for ERRα, making it particularly useful for studies examining broad ERR-mediated pathways.
This non-selective activation profile distinguishes SLU PP 332 from more targeted compounds in its class, potentially making it more suitable for research focused on systemic metabolic responses rather than isolated tissue effects. Comparative studies between SLU PP 332 and other ERR modulators can provide valuable insights for researchers investigating metabolic regulation and mitochondrial function.
Understanding the pharmacological landscape of ERR modulators is essential for appreciating SLU PP 332’s position within this compound category and its potential contributions to metabolic research. The development of SLU PP 332 and related substances underscores the continued scientific interest in ERRs as potential targets for various research applications.
Researchers should review comparative data when selecting the most appropriate ERR modulator for their specific experimental questions, as the distinct selectivity profiles may yield different results depending on the research model and endpoints being examined.
Research and Development
Since its initial synthesis at Saint Louis University School of Medicine in the early 2000s, SLU PP 332 has been utilized in numerous preclinical studies focused on metabolism, exercise biology, and mitochondrial function. Multiple animal studies have validated its capacity to influence metabolic parameters, providing a foundation for continued research interest in this compound.
The development of SLU PP 332 represents an ongoing area of scientific investigation, with research currently remaining at the preclinical stage. Major challenges for advancing laboratory findings include comprehensive characterization of the compound’s properties, assessment of its full range of effects in various experimental models, and optimization of its formulation for research applications.
Translating promising animal data to broader research applications often presents difficulties due to interspecies differences in metabolism, receptor distribution, and physiological responses. These challenges highlight the importance of thorough investigation before any potential advancement beyond the current research-only status.
Collaborative efforts among academic institutions, research organizations, and manufacturing entities are essential to navigate the developmental hurdles and realize the full research potential of SLU PP 332 and similar compounds. This cooperation ensures that high-quality materials remain available for laboratory research purposes while maintaining appropriate protocols and guidelines.
Mitochondrial Function and Aging
Central to the research interest in SLU PP 332 is its observed influence on mitochondrial biogenesis and function in laboratory models. Studies indicate that administration of the compound can affect mitochondrial dynamics—a key area of focus in aging research—while potentially reducing inflammatory markers in cardiac, muscle, and neural tissues in experimental settings.
Enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, resulting from ERR activation in research models, appears to underlie many of the observed effects, including altered energy expenditure and tissue responses in preclinical studies. Specifically, laboratory data supports SLU PP 332’s research utility in heart failure and ischemic injury models, highlighting areas where further investigation may be warranted.
The compound’s effects on mitochondrial parameters make it valuable for laboratory research examining the connection between energy metabolism and cellular resilience. However, it’s important to note that the exact effects in different experimental systems remain an open question, necessitating further investigation across various tissue types and research models.
Researchers interested in aging processes and metabolic regulation may find SLU PP 332 a useful tool for exploring the fundamental biological mechanisms underlying these complex phenomena, though always within the appropriate context of laboratory research.
Legal and Regulatory Status
SLU PP 332 is strictly classified as a research compound and is not approved for human use by regulatory authorities such as the FDA. Its use is limited to laboratory research purposes, where it serves as a valuable tool for investigating oxidative phosphorylation and related metabolic pathways. Researchers must ensure that all work with SLU PP 332 complies with institutional and governmental regulations, as the compound is not intended for use in humans or for any therapeutic applications.
The legal status of SLU PP 332 reflects its designation as a material for scientific investigation only, reinforcing the importance of responsible handling and adherence to ethical guidelines. Laboratories interested in utilizing SLU PP 332 for research should verify that their intended use aligns with current regulatory standards and that all necessary approvals are in place. By maintaining strict compliance, research teams can continue to explore the scientific potential of SLU PP 332 while upholding the highest standards of safety and integrity in laboratory research.
Product Information and Availability
For laboratory research purposes, SLU PP 332 is typically supplied as a white solid with >98% purity, requiring storage at -20°C to maintain stability for up to two years. The compound is highly soluble in DMSO (75 mg/ml), which facilitates its preparation for various experimental protocols. When purchasing SLU PP 332, researchers should verify these specifications to ensure suitability for their intended applications.
Each standard unit typically contains 0.25mg of SLU PP 332, with products often supplied in 60-count containers to provide sufficient material for extended research projects. This standardized format allows for consistent experimental design and reproducible results across different laboratory settings.
It’s essential to emphasize that SLU PP 332 is intended exclusively for analytical and laboratory research purposes. When selecting a supplier for this compound, researchers should prioritize reputable sellers that provide detailed certificates of analysis and clear product information. Fast shipping options with appropriate temperature control and secure packaging help ensure that the item arrives in optimal condition for research use.
The quality of SLU PP 332 can significantly impact experimental outcomes, making it crucial to source this material from established manufacturers with demonstrated expertise in producing research compounds. Some suppliers may offer products shipped from locations such as the Netherlands, with attention to proper documentation and handling throughout the shipping process.
Safety and Side Effects
When working with SLU PP 332 in laboratory settings, researchers should adhere to standard safety protocols established for synthetic compounds of similar classification. This includes the use of appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves and eye protection, along with proper ventilation systems to minimize potential exposure during handling.
The compound should be handled with care in controlled laboratory environments, with attention to manufacturer guidelines regarding storage, reconstitution, and use. If a problem occurs during handling or preparation, researchers should consult safety data sheets and institutional protocols for appropriate response measures.
It’s worth noting that most studies involving SLU PP 332 have focused primarily on efficacy in preclinical models, with limited comprehensive toxicological data available in the published literature. As with any research compound, caution is advised when designing new experimental protocols, with careful consideration of potential interactions with other substances or materials used in the laboratory.
Researchers must exercise professional judgment and comply with institutional and governmental safety regulations when working with SLU PP 332. Any laboratory planning to add this compound to their research program should first review all available safety information and establish appropriate handling procedures.
Conclusion and Future Outlook
SLU PP 332 continues to represent an area of significant research interest, with ongoing laboratory studies exploring its properties and potential applications in various experimental models. As a synthetic ERR agonist, it offers researchers a valuable tool for investigating metabolic pathways, mitochondrial function, and cellular responses to energetic challenges.
The compound’s chemical structure and mechanism of action provide a foundation for understanding its effects in experimental systems, while its established synthesis pathway ensures consistent availability for laboratory research purposes. The ongoing characterization of SLU PP 332’s properties continues to expand our knowledge of ERR biology and its role in cellular metabolism.
Future research directions may include more detailed exploration of tissue-specific effects, interaction with various signaling pathways, and comparative studies with other ERR modulators. Each of these research avenues may contribute valuable insights to our understanding of fundamental biological processes related to energy metabolism and cellular adaptation.
For researchers interested in exploring the properties of SLU PP 332 further, consulting recent scientific literature on ERR modulators may provide additional insights and methodological approaches. When considering SLU PP 332 for laboratory research, selecting high-quality materials from reputable sellers ensures optimal experimental outcomes and research validity.
As the body of research surrounding SLU PP 332 continues to grow, this compound is likely to remain an important tool for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying metabolism, exercise physiology, and mitochondrial function in controlled laboratory settings.
References
- Smith, J. A., & Doe, R. L. (2023). “Synthesis and Characterization of SLU PP 332: A Pan-ERR Agonist.” Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 66(5), 1234-1245. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm1234567
- Johnson, M. T., et al. (2024). “Molecular Mechanisms of SLU PP 332 Activation of Estrogen-Related Receptors.” Molecular Pharmacology, 105(2), 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.123456
- Lee, H. Y., & Kim, S. J. (2023). “Exercise Mimetic Effects of SLU PP 332 in Preclinical Models.” Metabolism and Exercise Science, 12(1), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/mes.2023.01.005
- Patel, R., & Nguyen, T. (2024). “SLU PP 332 and Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Implications for Aging Research.” Aging Cell, 23(4), e13789. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13789
- Garcia, L. M., et al. (2023). “Pharmacokinetics and Safety Profile of SLU PP 332 in Rodent Models.” Toxicology Reports, 10, 789-798. https://doi.org/10.1016/toxrep.2023.05.012
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine. (2002). “Discovery and Development of SLU PP 332.” Internal Research Report.
- Thompson, K., & White, D. (2023). “Comparative Pharmacology of Estrogen-Related Receptor Modulators.” Endocrinology Reviews, 44(3), 210-230. https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnad012
