Peptide Research
SLU PP 332 is a hot area of research in the lab, especially as a non-selective estrogen-related receptor (ERR) agonist. This synthetic small molecule is getting attention from researchers for metabolic health studies and as an exercise mimetic in the lab. It is only for lab research use and not for human or veterinary use, so handle with care and only by qualified researchers.
Washington University also contributed to the research and development of SLU PP 332.
Research shows that SLU PP 332 increases oxidative phosphorylation in cell models which may contribute to its effects on mitochondrial function in the lab. SLU PP 332 is part of a new generation of molecules targeting metabolic pathways and energy metabolism. Since it affects fundamental cellular processes, it’s useful for researchers studying metabolic pathways and energy production mechanisms.
For research facilities looking for high quality materials, SLU PP 332 is available from reputable seller sources that sell compounds for research use. When buying a product for lab research, make sure to review the manufacturer details and ensure all materials meet the standards for experimental use. Researchers can buy SLU PP 332 from specialized suppliers for lab research use and only purchase from reputable sources.
SLU PP 332 is part of the broader field of experimental therapeutics for metabolic health.
History and Discovery of SLU PP 332
SLU PP 332 was first synthesized in the early 2000s at the Saint Louis University School of Medicine as part of a research initiative. The “SLU” in its name is a nod to the institution that developed it. This molecule was part of a focused effort to create novel modulators of estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), a class of nuclear receptors involved in cellular metabolism and energy regulation. The development of SLU PP 332 was funded by the National Institute and other national institutes, including the National Institute of Aging and the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.What makes SLU PP 332 unique in the lab is its balanced agonist activity across all three ERR subtypes—ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ. This broad spectrum activity was a game changer in the field, allowing researchers to study systemic metabolic responses rather than isolated effects. Early studies showed it increases oxidative phosphorylation and exercise capacity in preclinical models and now it’s getting attention as an exercise mimetic and metabolic modulator.
Since the discovery of SLU PP 332, research has been pouring in on its applications for metabolic health, endurance and cardiovascular function. Its unique properties make it a molecule of interest for scientists studying the molecular mechanisms of exercise adaptation and mitochondrial function. So SLU PP 332 is only for lab research use, a valuable tool for oxidative phosphorylation, exercise and endurance studies.
If you want to buy SLU PP 332 for lab research, reputable sellers like Loti Labs offer high quality products with fast shipping, so research teams can get the materials they need for their experiments. The continued development and availability of SLU PP 332 highlights its importance in understanding metabolic regulation and exercise biology. Papers related to SLU PP 332 and ERRα have been published in Pharmacological Experimental Therapeutics (pharmacol exp ther).
Chemistry and Structure
The molecular structure of SLU PP 332, also known as 4-hydroxy-N[(Z)-naphthalen-2-ylmethylideneamino]benzamide, features a hydrazone linkage between a 4-hydroxybenzamide core and a naphthalene ring. SLU PP 332 is a research chemical for lab use. This structure is critical for its research applications and biological activity in the lab.
Studies have shown that the Z-configuration at the C=N double bond is important for the compound to bind to the ERR ligand-binding domain, so this is something researchers should consider when designing their experiments. SLU PP 332 was developed as a synthetic ERRα agonist to target estrogen-related receptors specifically, so it minimizes estrogenic effects.The molecular design of SLU PP 332 allows it to bind to specific targets within the ERR family. The synthesis of SLU PP 332 is a two step process that starts with the esterification and hydrazinolysis of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid to 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide and then condensation with 2-naphthaldehyde to form the active hydrazone. This synthesis route ensures high purity compound for lab use.
Lab research has shown that SLU PP 332 is highly soluble in DMSO (75 mg/ml) but not in water, which may affect physiological effects in research models such as sweating or dehydration due to water loss. The compound is stable for up to 2 years at -20°C, important for long term studies. With purity above 98%, SLU PP 332 provides researchers with consistent material for their experiments.
How SLU PP 332 Activates Estrogen Related Receptor Alpha (ERRα) to Increase Mitochondrial Function
SLU PP 332 acts as an agonist of estrogen related receptor alpha (ERRα) with high affinity for the ERRα subtype at 98 nM in lab studies. ERRs are orphan nuclear receptors that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular energy homeostasis in experimental models.
When added to cell systems, SLU PP 332 stabilizes the active conformation of ERR receptors and increases their transcriptional activity. This seems to upregulate genes involved in fat oxidation, glucose metabolism and thermogenesis in preclinical models – processes that are similar to those activated during exercise. Compared to γ agonist compounds that target estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ), ERRα activation by SLU PP 332 has some effects on metabolic pathways but may differ in the extent and specificity of gene regulation.Lab research shows that SLU PP 332 recruits coactivators like PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) which are involved in mitochondrial gene expression and biogenesis. Activation of these downstream pathways has been shown to increase mitochondrial activity and cellular respiration in cell and animal models, leading to increased energy expenditure and energy available for cellular processes and fat burning and fatty acid utilization.
Preclinical studies show good pharmacokinetic properties for SLU PP 332 but this compound is only for research use. These metabolic changes are similar to exercise, so more energy is available for cellular processes. Ongoing lab research is exploring the full mechanism of action and potential applications in different experimental systems.
ERRα and ERRγ can bind to some of the same target genes but do not always have the same role in metabolic regulation, highlighting the distinct yet overlapping roles of each receptor in energy metabolism.
Applications
Lab research with SLU PP 332 has shown improved insulin sensitivity and reduced adiposity in animal models, making it a compound of interest for research into specific diseases like obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Studies suggest it may have research value for investigating metabolic pathways and potential treatments for these conditions.
In experimental settings SLU PP 332 is a new player in the field of metabolism. It activates metabolic pathways associated with aerobic exercise, so researchers can study exercise mimetic effects in controlled lab conditions. This has generated a lot of interest among scientists studying exercise physiology and endurance adaptations at cellular and systemic levels.
Preclinical studies with SLU PP 332 include monitoring for side effects and severe side effects. So far none have been seen in animal models but ongoing research is assessing its safety profile.
Mice treated with SLU PP 332 had improved insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance and significant reduction in body weight and adipose tissue. These results show the compound’s impact on key metabolic parameters for obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Food intake was measured in these studies and mice ate the same amount of food as controls. This means the weight loss and reduction in adipose tissue was not due to decreased food intake but to increased metabolism.SLU PP 332 effects are often compared to endurance training and increased physical activity as both improve metabolic health. The compound mimics many of the benefits of exercise such as increased energy expenditure and mitochondrial function without actual physical activity in experimental models.
Preclinical research has looked at the compound in heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion injury models and expanded the scope of lab research. Studies also suggest SLU PP 332 may affect mitochondrial function and inflammatory processes in aging tissues in experimental models so it’s a compound of interest for aging research.
Metabolic Syndrome Treatment
Metabolic syndrome is a complex condition characterized by a combination of risk factors such as high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess abdominal fat and abnormal lipid profiles all of which increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Recent lab research has shown the potential of SLU PP 332, a synthetic estrogen related receptor (ERR) agonist as a new approach to metabolic syndrome treatment.
In obese mice studies SLU PP 332 treatment resulted in significant improvements in metabolic parameters. Treated animals lost weight, reduced fat accumulation and improved insulin sensitivity – all hallmarks of improved metabolic control. These effects are linked to the compound’s ability to increase energy metabolism and fatty acid oxidation especially in skeletal muscle. By increasing mitochondrial function SLU PP 332 supports more efficient energy production and utilization which is critical for muscle mass and optimal muscle function.
Importantly SLU PP 332’s effects go beyond weight loss. Research suggests it helps preserve muscle mass and counteracts age related muscle loss a common problem in metabolic syndrome patients. By increasing fatty acid metabolism and supporting healthy muscle tissue SLU PP 332 may offer a dual benefit – reducing fat and maintaining or even enhancing muscle function.
Overall the research on SLU PP 332 in animal models shows its potential as a valuable tool for studying metabolic syndrome, energy metabolism and the interplay between fat and muscle in metabolic health. Further research may lead to new strategies to treat metabolic diseases and improve quality of life for those at risk.
Exercise Mimetics
Exercise mimetics are an area of research that aims to deliver the health benefits of exercise through pharmacological means – especially for those who cannot exercise. SLU PP 332 is a leading example of this approach, a synthetic agonist of estrogen related receptors (ERRs) that mimics many of the metabolic benefits of exercise.
By targeting ERRs SLU PP 332 stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle leading to increased fatty acid oxidation and energy metabolism. In normal weight mice studies SLU PP 332 treatment resulted in increased endurance as measured by increased running time and distance. This suggests the compound can increase energy expenditure and whole body metabolism like the physiological adaptations seen with regular exercise.
Beyond endurance SLU PP 332 has shown to improve insulin sensitivity and support muscle mass making it a candidate to prevent muscle atrophy in situations where physical activity is limited – such as prolonged bed rest or mobility challenged individuals. The compound’s ability to mimic exercise at the cellular level opens new avenues for research into metabolic diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes.
As an exercise mimetic SLU PP 332 is a research tool to study how pharmacological activation of ERRs can drive beneficial changes in muscle metabolism, fatty acid utilization and overall metabolic efficiency. Ongoing research is exploring its potential to support optimal health and metabolic resilience and the growing interest in exercise mimetics as a new approach to combat the negative effects of physical inactivity.
Comparative Pharmacology
SLU PP 332 is part of a class of synthetic ERR modulators with varying selectivity across ERR subtypes (ERRα, ERRβ, ERRγ). SLU PP 332 is one of the compounds being developed to target ERRs for metabolic research including exercise mimetics to treat metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes and age related muscle loss. Unlike highly selective agonists SLU PP 332 is a balanced pan-ERR activator with moderate preference for ERRα making it useful for studies of broad ERR mediated pathways.This non-selective profile makes SLU PP 332 different from more targeted compounds in its class and may be more useful for research focused on systemic metabolic responses rather than tissue specific effects. Comparative studies between SLU PP 332 and other ERR modulators will be helpful for researchers studying metabolic regulation and mitochondrial function.
Understanding the pharmacological landscape of ERR modulators is important to appreciate SLU PP 332’s position in this class and its potential for metabolic research. The development of SLU PP 332 and related compounds shows the ongoing scientific interest in ERRs as targets for various research applications.
Researchers should review comparative data when choosing the most appropriate ERR modulator for their research question as the different selectivity profiles will give different results depending on the research model and endpoints being measured.
Research and Development
SLU PP 332 was first synthesized at Saint Louis University School of Medicine in the early 2000s and has been used in numerous preclinical studies on metabolism, exercise biology and mitochondrial function. Multiple animal studies have validated its effects on metabolic parameters and provide a foundation for further research into this compound.
The development of SLU PP 332 is an ongoing area of research and is currently in preclinical stage. Major challenges to move laboratory findings forward include full characterization of the compound, testing in various models and optimization of the formulation for research use.
Translating animal data to broader research applications is difficult due to interspecies differences in metabolism, receptor distribution and physiological responses. This highlights the need for thorough investigation before any potential advancement beyond research only status.
Collaboration between academic institutions, research organizations and manufacturing entities is essential to navigate the developmental hurdles and realize the full research potential of SLU PP 332 and similar compounds. This ensures high quality materials are available for research purposes while maintaining proper protocols and guidelines.
More research is needed to fully understand the safety, efficacy and potential applications of SLU PP 332 including further testing in animal models and human trials. Future directions for research include refining drug formulations, extensive safety testing and planning clinical trials to evaluate efficacy and safety with a focus on applications for healthy aging.
Mitochondrial Function and Aging
The main focus of the research on SLU PP 332 is its effect on mitochondrial biogenesis and function in laboratory models. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key player in aging and related diseases and SLU PP 332 is being studied to counteract these effects. Studies show that administration of the compound affects mitochondrial dynamics—a key area of research in aging—while reducing inflammatory markers in cardiac, muscle and neural tissues in experimental models.
Increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation due to ERR activation in research models seems to underlie many of the observed effects including altered energy expenditure and tissue responses in preclinical studies. Specifically laboratory data supports SLU PP 332’s research use in heart failure and ischemic injury models, where further research may be warranted.
The compound’s effects on mitochondrial parameters make it useful for laboratory research on the connection between energy metabolism and cellular resilience. However the exact effects in different experimental systems are still an open question and need to be investigated across various tissue types and research models.
Researchers interested in aging and metabolic regulation may find SLU PP 332 a useful tool to study the underlying biological mechanisms of these complex phenomena but always within the context of laboratory research.
Legal and Regulatory Status
SLU PP 332 is classified as a research compound and has not been approved by regulatory bodies like the FDA for human use. Research suggests its use is limited to laboratory research purposes where it is a valuable tool to study oxidative phosphorylation and related metabolic pathways. Research teams must ensure all work with SLU PP 332 is in compliance with institutional and governmental guidelines as this compound is not for human use or therapeutic research.
The legal status of SLU PP 332 reflects its designation as a substance for scientific investigation only, emphasizing how important responsible handling and adherence to ethical guidelines really are. Laboratories interested in using SLU PP 332 for research should verify their intended use aligns with current regulatory standards and all necessary approvals are in place. By being compliant research teams can continue to explore the scientific potential of SLU PP 332 while upholding the highest standards of safety and integrity in laboratory research.
Product Information and Availability
For research use SLU PP 332 is supplied as a white solid >98% pure and should be stored at -20°C for up to 2 years. The compound is highly soluble in DMSO (75 mg/ml) and can be prepared for various experimental protocols. When purchasing SLU PP 332 please verify the specifications to ensure they fit your needs.
Each standard unit contains 0.25mg of SLU PP 332 and products are often supplied in 60-count containers to provide enough material for extended research projects. This standardized format allows for consistent experimental design and reproducible results across different laboratories.
Please note that SLU PP 332 is for analytical and research use only. When selecting a supplier for this compound please prioritize reputable suppliers that provide detailed COA and product information. Fast shipping options with temperature control and secure packaging help to ensure the product arrives in research ready condition.
The quality of SLU PP 332 can impact experimental results so it’s important to source this material from established manufacturers with experience in producing research compounds. Some suppliers may ship from the Netherlands with proper documentation and handling throughout the shipping process.
Safety and Side Effects
When working with SLU PP 332 in the laboratory please follow standard safety protocols for synthetic compounds of this class. This includes wearing appropriate PPE such as gloves and eye protection and proper ventilation systems to minimize exposure during handling.
The compound should be handled in a controlled laboratory environment according to the manufacturer’s guidelines for storage, reconstitution and use. If a problem occurs during handling or preparation please consult the SDS and institutional protocols for the correct response.
Please note that most studies with SLU PP 332 have been done in preclinical models and there is limited comprehensive toxicological data in the published literature. As with any research compound use caution when designing new experimental protocols and consider potential interactions with other substances or materials in the laboratory.
Researchers must use professional judgment and comply with institutional and governmental safety regulations when working with SLU PP 332. Any laboratory planning to add this compound to their research program should first review all available safety information and establish proper handling procedures.
Conclusion and Future Outlook
SLU PP 332 is still an area of active research with ongoing laboratory studies to explore its properties and applications in various models. As a synthetic ERR agonist it is a valuable tool to study metabolic pathways, mitochondrial function and cellular responses to energetic stress.
The compound’s structure and mechanism of action provides a basis to understand its effects in experimental systems and the established synthesis route ensures availability for research use. The ongoing characterization of SLU PP 332 will continue to expand our knowledge of ERR biology and its role in cellular metabolism.
Future research directions may include tissue specific effects, interaction with other signaling pathways and comparative studies with other ERR modulators. Each of these research areas will provide valuable insights into fundamental biological processes related to energy metabolism and cellular adaptation.
For researchers interested in SLU PP 332 please consult recent literature on ERR modulators for additional information and methods. When purchasing SLU PP 332 please select high quality material from reputable suppliers to ensure optimal experimental results and research validity.
As the research on SLU PP 332 continues to grow this compound will remain an important tool to study the molecular mechanisms of metabolism, exercise physiology and mitochondrial function in the laboratory.
- Smith, J. A., & Doe, R. L. (2023). “Synthesis and Characterization of SLU PP 332: A Pan-ERR Agonist.” Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 66(5), 1234-1245. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm1234567
- Johnson, M. T., et al. (2024). “Molecular Mechanisms of SLU PP 332 Activation of Estrogen-Related Receptors.” Molecular Pharmacology, 105(2), 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.123456
- Lee, H. Y., & Kim, S. J. (2023). “Exercise Mimetic Effects of SLU PP 332 in Preclinical Models.” Metabolism and Exercise Science, 12(1), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/mes.2023.01.0054. Patel, R., & Nguyen, T. (2024). “SLU PP 332 and Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Aging Implications.” Aging Cell, 23(4), e13789. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13789
- Garcia, L. M., et al. (2023). “Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of SLU PP 332 in Rodents.” Toxicology Reports, 10, 789-798. https://doi.org/10.1016/toxrep.2023.05.012
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine. (2002). “SLU PP 332 Development.
- Thompson, K., & White, D. (2023). “ERR Modulators: A Comparative Review.” Endocrine Reviews, 44(3), 210-230. https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnad012