Buy BAM15 Capsules at Loti Labs
Research into mitochondrial uncoupling has identified bam 15 as a particularly promising compound for laboratory investigations. This mitochondrial protonophore uncoupler, also known as an OXPHOS uncoupler, demonstrates unique characteristics that distinguish it from traditional uncoupling agents, making it an increasingly sought-after research tool. When scientists seek to buy BAM15 for their studies, understanding the technical specifications, reliable suppliers, and proper handling requirements becomes essential for achieving optimal results.
The growing interest in BAM15 stems from its ability to selectively target mitochondria without affecting the plasma membrane, a property that has significant implications for research applications. Studies have shown this compound can increase oxygen consumption rates up to seven-fold compared to baseline measurements, providing researchers with a powerful tool for investigating mitochondrial function and energy expenditure mechanisms.
To learn more about mitochondrial division dynamics and mitochondrial health, consider exploring additional resources or current research in this field.
Introduction to Mitochondrial Health
Mitochondrial health is fundamental to the vitality and efficiency of every cell in the body. Often described as the powerhouses of the cell, mitochondria are responsible for producing the majority of cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Beyond energy production, these organelles play critical roles in cellular signaling, differentiation, and the regulation of cell death, making their optimal function essential for overall health and longevity.
The state of mitochondrial health can be influenced by genetics, lifestyle choices, and environmental exposures. When mitochondria function efficiently, they support robust cellular metabolism and help protect against a range of diseases, including those associated with aging. Conversely, mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and impaired energy expenditure.
One area of growing research interest is mitochondrial uncoupling—a process where the normal coupling between the mitochondrial proton gradient and ATP synthesis is intentionally disrupted. This is achieved by mitochondrial protonophore uncouplers, such as BAM15, which allow protons to re-enter the mitochondrial matrix without generating ATP. As a result, mitochondria increase oxygen consumption and energy expenditure, releasing excess energy as heat. Importantly, studies have shown that certain mitochondrial uncouplers can enhance mitochondrial function and cellular resilience without causing harmful heat buildup, making them promising tools for research and potential therapeutic development.
Understanding the mechanisms behind mitochondrial uncoupling and the action of mitochondrial protonophores like BAM15 is crucial for advancing research into metabolic health, disease prevention, and the development of innovative treatments. As research continues to uncover the benefits of supporting mitochondrial health, the role of compounds that modulate mitochondrial activity remains a key focus in the quest for optimal cellular function.
What is BAM15 and Why Researchers Choose This Compound
BAM15, chemically designated as N5,N6-bis(2-Fluorophenyl)-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,6-diamine, represents an advanced class of mitochondrial uncouplers developed for research applications. With a molecular weight of 340.29 Daltons and cas number 210302 17 3, this synthetic compound exhibits an EC50 of 270 nM in L6 myoblast mitochondria, demonstrating remarkable potency for experimental protocols.
The compound’s mechanism involves disrupting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes, enabling mitochondria to consume oxygen without efficiently producing ATP. This mitochondrial uncoupling process generates heat while maintaining cellular viability, a characteristic that research suggests offers advantages over traditional uncoupling agents. Unlike classical uncouplers, BAM15 does not depolarize the plasma membrane, ensuring mitochondrial specificity in experimental settings.
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that BAM15 increases the maximum rate of mitochondrial respiration compared to FCCP, another commonly used uncoupler. The compound’s action as an effective AMPK activator has made it valuable for metabolic research studies, particularly those investigating energy expenditure, mitochondrial function, and metab regulation. Research has shown its ability to promote mitochondrial fission, allowing for the isolation and removal of damaged mitochondria through mitophagy processes. BAM15’s influence on metab health and its potential therapeutic applications in metabolic disorders further highlight its significance in this field.
Benefits and Effects of BAM15
BAM15 stands out as a mitochondrial protonophore uncoupler with a range of benefits that have been demonstrated across multiple research models. By promoting mitochondrial uncoupling, BAM15 enhances mitochondrial respiration, leading to increased oxygen consumption and a boost in energy expenditure. This action not only stimulates fat oxidation but also supports metabolic flexibility, allowing cells to adapt more efficiently to varying energy demands.
One of the most significant effects of BAM15 is its ability to protect mitochondria from oxidative stress. By reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), BAM15 helps maintain mitochondrial integrity and function, which is crucial for overall cellular health. This protective effect has been particularly evident in studies involving transportation induced apoptosis, where BAM15 reduced cell death in iPS differentiated retinal tissue, highlighting its potential for safeguarding sensitive cell types under stress.
In animal studies, especially those involving mice, BAM15 has been shown to improve glycemic control and support healthier body composition by increasing energy expenditure without causing excessive heat production. Unlike some traditional mitochondrial uncouplers, BAM15 does not disrupt the plasma membrane, ensuring its action remains targeted to the mitochondria. This specificity is essential for researchers aiming to study mitochondrial function without introducing confounding variables related to cellular membrane integrity.
BAM15’s antiproliferative properties have also been observed in human cell lines, such as MCF7 cells, where it has demonstrated the ability to inhibit cell growth at low micromolar concentrations. This opens up avenues for research into its potential applications in cancer studies and other areas where regulation of cell proliferation is of interest.
For optimal results in laboratory settings, it is important to follow precise dosing and preparation protocols. Researchers typically use BAM15 in concentrations tailored to their experimental needs, often starting with a stock solution prepared at 20 mg in 10 ml of an appropriate solvent, such as DMSO. Ensuring the compound is mixed evenly is critical for consistent results, and the volume can be adjusted to achieve the desired concentration for each specific application. Maintaining the product at 20 c or below, as recommended, helps preserve its stability and efficacy.
Quality assurance is paramount when working with BAM15. High-purity batches, confirmed by HPLC analysis (≥98% purity), are essential for reproducible research outcomes. When sourcing BAM15, always verify the CAS number (210302 17 3) and request comprehensive documentation from your supplier to ensure the integrity of your research stock.
In summary, BAM15 offers a powerful tool for advancing research into mitochondrial respiration, energy metabolism, and cellular protection. Its unique mechanism of action, combined with a strong safety and purity profile, makes it an attractive candidate for studies aiming to unravel the complexities of mitochondrial function and explore new therapeutic possibilities. By staying informed about the latest findings and best practices, researchers can fully leverage the capabilities of BAM15 in their scientific endeavors.
References:
- Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
- Mol. Metab.
- EMBO Mol. Med.
- Nat. Commun.
- Stem Cell Res. Ther.
Where to Buy BAM15: Trusted Suppliers and Retailers
When researchers need to buy BAM15, several established suppliers offer high-quality research-grade material. SwissChems provides BAM15 in 15 mg capsules, with 60 capsules per bottle and maintaining stock levels of approximately 127 units. This supplier focuses on research applications and provides detailed product information for laboratory use.
Tocris Bioscience offers research-grade BAM15 under catalog number 5737, with purity levels of ≥98% confirmed through hplc analysis. Their product comes with comprehensive documentation detailing biological and chemical properties essential for research applications. MedChemExpress supplies BAM15 specifically labeled as an OXPHOS uncoupler for laboratory research, emphasizing its role in mitochondrial studies.
Additional reputable suppliers include Cayman Chemical, Selleck Chemicals (catalog number S0411), and Smolecule, all of which maintain high purity standards and provide batch analysis documentation. These suppliers emphasize the importance of purchasing from authorized distributors to ensure authenticity and avoid counterfeit materials that could compromise research results.
The med chem industry standard requires 99.95% purity confirmation for research-grade compounds, and established suppliers provide certificates of analysis with each batch. When evaluating suppliers, researchers should prioritize those offering comprehensive datasheets, proper storage recommendations, and technical support for formulation questions.
BAM15 Product Specifications and Purity Standards
Research-grade BAM15 must meet stringent purity requirements, with most suppliers offering compounds confirmed at 99.95% purity through hplc analysis. The molecular formula C16H10F2N6O corresponds to the molecular weight of 340.29, which researchers must use for accurate stock solution calculations and experimental protocols. For precise preparation, a reconstitution calculator can be used to ensure correct volume and concentration.
High-quality suppliers provide comprehensive product specifications including:
Specification | Value |
|---|---|
Molecular Weight | 340.29 Daltons |
CAS Number | 210302 17 3 |
Purity | ≥98% to 99.95% |
Storage Temperature | 20 c or below |
Solubility in DMSO | 68 mg/ml at 25°C |
Water Solubility | Insoluble |
The compound requires careful handling due to its specific solubility characteristics. BAM15 is insoluble in water and ethanol, necessitating the use of organic solvents such as DMSO or dimethylformamide for dissolution. Suppliers typically recommend using reconstitution calculators to determine appropriate volume and concentration parameters for stock solution preparation.
Understanding BAM15 Solubility for Proper Use
The water insolubility of BAM15 significantly affects formulation and delivery methods in research protocols. Proper organic solvents are required for BAM15 dissolution, with DMSO being the most commonly used solvent at concentrations up to 68 mg per ml. This solubility limitation requires researchers to carefully plan their experimental designs and consider final solvent concentrations in cell culture or other biological systems.
When preparing stock solutions, scientists must mix evenly to ensure complete dissolution and homogeneous distribution. The molecular weight of 340.29 should be used in conjunction with a reconstitution calculator for accurate preparation. Understanding these solubility characteristics is crucial for effective BAM15 application protocols and ensuring reproducible experimental results.
Storage recommendations typically include maintaining the compound at 20 c or below in desiccated conditions to preserve stability. Suppliers often provide specific guidance on solvent compatibility and recommend preparing fresh solutions when possible to maintain compound integrity throughout experimental procedures.
Biological Activity and Research Applications
BAM15 functions as a mitochondrial protonophore that enables researchers to investigate cellular energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. The compound’s action involves increasing proton permeability across the inner mitochondrial membrane, effectively uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis. This mechanism allows mitochondria to consume oxygen at elevated rates while producing less ATP, with the excess energy released as heat.
Laboratory studies using mice have demonstrated BAM15’s effects on energy expenditure and metabolic parameters. Research suggests the compound protects mice from acute renal ischemic-reperfusion injury, providing insights into potential cytoprotective mechanisms. Additional studies have shown antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells at concentrations of 0.31-0.49 μM, indicating potential applications in cancer research protocols.
The compound has been particularly valuable in studies examining transportation induced apoptosis in ips differentiated retinal tissue. Research has shown BAM15’s ability to reduce cellular damage under stress conditions, offering researchers a tool for investigating protective mechanisms in sensitive cell types. These findings have appeared in publications including embo mol and other peer-reviewed journals focusing on cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function.
BAM15 Mechanisms of Action in Mitochondrial Uncoupling
The primary action of BAM15 involves disrupting the mitochondrial proton gradient to promote controlled energy dissipation. This process enables mitochondria to consume oxygen without efficiently producing ATP, effectively converting stored energy into heat. The compound’s ability to enhance mitochondrial fission allows researchers to study the segregation and removal of damaged mitochondria through mitophagy.
Research has demonstrated that BAM15 promotes AMPK activation, a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. This activation cascades through various metabolic pathways, providing researchers with opportunities to investigate energy sensing mechanisms and metabolic flexibility. The compound’s short half-life of approximately one hour reduces the risk of accumulation and allows for precise temporal control in experimental protocols.
Studies have shown that BAM15 can increase ros production in certain experimental conditions, though this effect appears to be context-dependent and related to the specific experimental parameters used. The compound’s selectivity for mitochondrial targets, without affecting the plasma membrane, makes it a valuable tool for dissecting mitochondrial-specific processes in cellular research.
Usage Protocols and Experimental Considerations
Research protocols using BAM15 typically involve careful consideration of concentration, timing, and experimental conditions. Laboratory studies often begin with concentrations in the nanomolar to low micromolar range, with researchers adjusting parameters based on specific experimental objectives and cellular models used.
Many research protocols incorporate cycling approaches, with studies suggesting periods of 4-8 weeks on treatment followed by 2-week intervals to assess adaptation responses. Some researchers combine BAM15 with other compounds such as SLU-PP-332 and Urolithin A to investigate synergistic effects on mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism.
Experimental protocols often specify taking measurements on an empty stomach equivalent (for cell culture studies, this translates to serum-free conditions) to minimize confounding variables. Researchers typically monitor multiple parameters including oxygen consumption rates, ATP production, and cellular viability markers throughout the experimental period.
When establishing protocols, researchers should consider:
- Starting with low concentrations (25 mg/ml stock solutions) to assess system responses
- Maintaining proper hydration of cell cultures and monitoring energy metabolism markers
- Implementing appropriate controls including vehicle-treated groups and alternative uncouplers
- Documenting baseline measurements before compound introduction
Safety Considerations and Quality Assurance
Laboratory safety protocols for BAM15 handling emphasize the compound’s short half-life of approximately one hour, which reduces concerns about accumulation in experimental systems. Research has shown that BAM15 causes zero central nervous system stimulation in laboratory models, distinguishing it from stimulant compounds that might confound metabolic measurements.
Studies indicate that BAM15 does not suppress appetite in laboratory animals, preventing rebound effects that could influence long-term metabolic studies. This characteristic makes it particularly valuable for research investigating sustained metabolic changes without confounding behavioral modifications.
Quality assurance measures should include:
- Verification of supplier credentials and batch documentation
- Confirmation of purity through independent analysis when possible
- Proper storage conditions maintaining stability
- Regular assessment of compound activity through positive controls
- Documentation of handling procedures and experimental conditions
Comprehensive review articles summarizing BAM15 efficacy and safety profiles in laboratory settings provide additional guidance for researchers establishing protocols. These references offer valuable insights into optimal experimental conditions and potential limitations that should be considered during study design.
Research Applications for Metabolic Studies
Laboratory investigations using BAM15 have focused extensively on energy expenditure and mitochondrial function. Studies in mice have demonstrated the compound’s ability to stimulate metabolic rate and influence body composition through enhanced oxygen consumption. Research suggests BAM15 can reverse diet-induced metabolic changes in rodent models, providing insights into metabolic flexibility mechanisms.
Experimental protocols have shown BAM15’s effectiveness in improving glycemic control parameters in laboratory models of metabolic dysfunction. These studies typically measure oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratios, and various metabolic markers to assess compound effects. The ability to selectively target visceral adipose tissue in animal models has made BAM15 valuable for research into metabolic syndrome mechanisms.
Research has also investigated BAM15’s effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in cellular systems. Studies suggest the compound can reduce markers of cellular damage while enhancing mitochondrial respiration, providing researchers with tools to investigate the relationship between mitochondrial function and cellular health.
Research-Backed Experimental Findings
Published studies have documented BAM15’s ability to reverse diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mouse models, offering researchers insights into metabolic intervention mechanisms. These investigations typically involve comprehensive metabolic phenotyping including indirect calorimetry, glucose tolerance testing, and tissue-specific metabolic assessments.
Research using ips differentiated retinal tissue has demonstrated BAM15’s protective effects against transportation induced apoptosis, providing a model for investigating cellular protection mechanisms under stress conditions. These studies have contributed to understanding how mitochondrial uncoupling might influence cell survival pathways.
Glycation damage studies have shown that BAM15 can boost oxygen consumption and enhance mitochondrial respiration in experimental systems exposed to damaging conditions. This research provides valuable insights into potential protective mechanisms and has implications for studies investigating aging-related cellular changes.
The compound’s effects on mitochondrial fission and mitophagy have been documented in various cell culture systems, offering researchers tools to investigate mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. These studies typically combine BAM15 treatment with fluorescent markers and imaging techniques to track mitochondrial dynamics in real-time.
Future Research and Development
The future of BAM15 and related mitochondrial uncouplers is poised to expand into exciting new territories, with research efforts increasingly focused on their therapeutic potential for metabolic and degenerative diseases. Scientists are actively investigating how BAM15 influences mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial uncoupling, and energy expenditure across a variety of cell types and animal models, including mice and human cells.
One promising direction involves exploring the ability of BAM15 to modulate mitochondrial function in combination with other compounds, such as SLU-PP-332 and Urolithin A, to achieve optimal results in metabolic research. These studies aim to identify synergistic effects that could enhance mitochondrial health and energy metabolism beyond what is possible with a single agent.
Another area of interest is the application of BAM15 in reducing transportation induced apoptosis, particularly in sensitive tissues like ips differentiated retinal tissue. By examining how mitochondrial uncoupling can protect against cellular stress and damage, researchers hope to uncover new strategies for preserving tissue health during challenging conditions.
Ongoing and future studies will also assess the impact of BAM15 on mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in both animal and human models. For example, research may focus on the compound’s ability to improve mitochondrial health in mice, or its effects on energy metabolism and cellular resilience in human cells. These investigations are expected to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which mitochondrial uncouplers influence health and disease.
As the field advances, the development of next-generation mitochondrial uncouplers with improved efficacy and safety profiles will be a priority. Researchers will continue to rely on authoritative references, such as EMBO Mol and BAM, to guide experimental design and interpretation. By deepening our understanding of mitochondrial uncoupling and its role in cellular metabolism, future research holds the promise of unlocking innovative therapies for a wide range of conditions, ultimately improving human health and disease outcomes.
Conclusion
The decision to buy BAM15 requires careful consideration of supplier credentials, product specifications, and intended research applications. This mitochondrial protonophore uncoupler offers researchers unique advantages for investigating energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, and cellular protection mechanisms. The compound’s specificity for mitochondrial targets, combined with its short half-life and well-characterized effects, makes it a valuable addition to research protocols focused on cellular metabolism.
Successful procurement of research-grade BAM15 depends on selecting suppliers who provide comprehensive documentation, maintain high purity standards, and offer technical support for experimental applications. Researchers should prioritize suppliers offering 99.95% purity confirmation through hplc analysis and comprehensive batch documentation.
When planning experiments with BAM15, researchers should carefully consider solubility requirements, storage conditions, and protocol optimization to ensure reproducible results. The compound’s unique properties and growing body of research literature make it an increasingly important tool for advancing our understanding of mitochondrial biology and cellular energy metabolism.
Evaluate potential suppliers based on your specific research requirements, emphasizing quality assurance, technical support, and comprehensive product documentation to ensure successful experimental outcomes.
References
- Kenwood BM, et al. “Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters,” 2015; 25:4858.
- Kenwood BM, et al. “Molecular Metabolism,” 2013; 3:114.
- Axelrod CL, et al. “EMBO Molecular Medicine,” 2020 Jun 10; e12088.
- Alexopoulos SJ, et al. “Nature Communications,” 2020; 11:2397.
- Tang M, et al. “Stem Cell Research & Therapy,” 2019; 10:64.
- Additional peer-reviewed studies on mitochondrial uncoupling and BAM15 mechanisms of action.
- Supplier product datasheets and HPLC analysis reports for BAM15.
- Reviews on mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial uncoupling, and energy expenditure in cellular metabolism research.
