Technical Specifications: MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide consisting of 16 amino acids. Its sequence is MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR, and it has a molecular weight of approximately 2180 Da. MOTS-c is known to play a role in cellular metabolism and stress response by modulating nuclear gene expression and influencing metabolic pathways.
Manufacturing Process Information: The synthesis of MOTS-c involves solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), a widely used method for producing peptides. The process includes the following steps:
Resin Loading: The initial amino acid is attached to a resin, which serves as the solid support for peptide synthesis.
Chain Elongation: Amino acids are sequentially added to the growing peptide chain. Each cycle includes deprotection of the terminal amino group, coupling of the next amino acid, and washing steps to remove excess reagents.
Cleavage and Deprotection: Upon completion of the peptide chain assembly, the peptide is cleaved from the resin, and protecting groups are removed from the side chains of the amino acids.
Purification: The crude peptide is purified using techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to ensure high purity and correct composition.
Characterization: The purified peptide is characterized using analytical methods such as mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to confirm its structure and purity.
Animal Research Information: Preclinical studies of MOTS-c in various animal models have been conducted to evaluate its pharmacological effects, safety profile, and mechanisms of action. In rodent studies, MOTS-c has demonstrated the following effects:
Metabolic Regulation: Enhanced insulin sensitivity, improved glucose tolerance, and reductions in fasting blood glucose levels.
Energy Homeostasis: Regulation of mitochondrial function and energy expenditure, leading to improved metabolic health.
Stress Response: Activation of adaptive stress response pathways, contributing to cellular protection against metabolic stress.
Studies in rodent models have provided insights into the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and specific molecular pathways influenced by MOTS-c. These studies often involve detailed measurements of the peptide's stability, tissue distribution, and interaction with cellular signaling pathways.
Toxicology studies in animals are conducted to assess the safety and tolerability of MOTS-c, examining potential adverse effects at different dose levels and durations of administration. These studies help establish safety margins and identify any species-specific responses that may guide further development.
Overall, the comprehensive animal research on MOTS-c supports its pharmacological potential and provides a foundational understanding of its mechanisms of action in metabolic regulation and stress response.
References:
Technical Specifications and Manufacturing Process:
Merrifield, R. B. (1963). "Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis. I. The Synthesis of a Tetrapeptide". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 85 (14): 2149–2154. doi:10.1021/ja00897a025.
Chan, W. C., & White, P. D. (2000). "Fmoc Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis: A Practical Approach". Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199637249.
Dawson, P. E., Muir, T. W., Clark-Lewis, I., & Kent, S. B. H. (1994). "Synthesis of proteins by native chemical ligation". Science. 266 (5186): 776–779. doi:10.1126/science.7973629.
Animal Research Information:
Lee, C., Zeng, J., Drew, B. G., Sallam, T., Martin-Montalvo, A., Wan, J., ... & Cohen, P. (2015). "The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance". Cell Metabolism, 21(3), 443-454. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.009.
Reynolds, J. C., Lai, R. W., Woodhead, J. S. T., Joly, J. H., Mitchell, C. J., Cameron-Smith, D., ... & Cohen, P. (2021). "MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis". Nature Communications, 12(1), 470. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20790-0.
Kim, K. H., Son, J. M., Benayoun, B. A., & Lee, C. (2018). "The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c: Current Perspectives and Research Implications". Frontiers in Endocrinology, 9, 311. doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00311.
More Information
| Product Name | MOTS-c 10mg |
|---|---|
| SKU | MOTS-c 10mg |
| Visibility | Catalog, Search |